& Winter, C. Shore and bar cross-shore migration, rotation, and breathing processes at an embayed beach. 122, 17451770 (2017). Almost all causes of the beach erosion in Japan are due to anthropogenic factors as a result of human activity. Barnard, P. L. et al. 385, 146159 (2017). However, coastal erosion and construction of coastal preservation structures are adversely affecting these ecosystems. Mentaschi, L., Vousdoukas, M. I., Pekel, J.-F., Voukouvalas, E. & Feyen, L. Global long-term observations of coastal erosion and accretion. Mar. While typhoon-induced floods and tsunamis cause enormous damage in a short period of time, the most serious damage to coastal areas has been wrought by slow coastal erosion over a long period of time. Geophys. A second objective is to aid in appropriate human utilization of coastal areas. Earth Surf. Commun. J. This makes the areas extremely vulnerable. Despite a slowdown in the speed of construction of landfill coastline and preservation structures, the trend toward increased artificiality of the coastline remains unchanged. Tanaka, Shigenobu, Koarai, Mamoru and Fukazawa, Mitsuru. Off-shore barriers were found to be more effective in controlling rough seas and coastal beach currents. Environ. 0000003368 00000 n Geosci. Troup, A. J. Meek, G. E., Ozgur, C. & Dunning, K. Comparison of the t vs. Wilcoxon signed-rank test for Likert scale data and small samples. Please add japantimes.co.jp and piano.io to your list of allowed sites. J. 380, 196204 (2016). Your email address will not be published. The total length of the coastline in Japan as of 1992 was 34,536 km. Role of Tetrapods in ports/maritime industry. Sci. Japan has established no ICZM system for maintaining the integrity of the coastal zone. The below report is written in English. Nature Geoscience thanks Juilan OGrady, Patrick Barnard, Mark Dickson and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Reguero, B. G., Losada, I. J. Healthy coastal ecosystems are vital to healthy coastal zones. Phinn, S. R. & Hastings, P. A. It was found that aquatic plants and animals were able to attach themselves easier to a slanted stacked stone seawall which was built for the Kansai International Airport in Osaka Bay. When sand is transported alongshore across 2 management areas, the sand rights belong to the agency administrating the area to which the sand is deposited, and the agency administrating the area from which the sand originated has no rights. It may look sharp, but you can actually hug it. Res. Join the Ars Orbital Transmission mailing list to get weekly updates delivered to your inbox. Coast. 07/22/2022. Google Scholar. It is bounded by Japan and Sakhalin Island to the east and by Russia and Korea on the Asian mainland to the west. Luijendijk, A. et al. Current Coastal Environment Status Satellite-derived shoreline detection at a high-energy meso-macrotidal beach. https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.papers.65 (2020). He gestured to a scrubby patch of trees where a veritable forest once stood. KATOKU, Japan Standing on its mountain-fringed beach, there is no hint that the Japanese village of Katoku even exists. We have some national parks where were trying not to use the concrete sea walls or anything like that in order to preserve the scenery. It is simultaneously majestic and odd. Methods for creating a base for seaweed to adhere using blocks placed at the bottom of the sea and methods for transplanting seaweed have been employed to create sites for new seaweed beds. 8, 14365 (2017). Coastal erosion is the process by which local sea level rise, strong wave action, and coastal flooding wear down or carry away rocks, soils, and/or sands along the coast. Res. On the topic of whether or not some people believe that the addition of concrete is ruining the visual beauty of the beachfront in Japan, Kato quickly notes that those people living in impacted coastal regions (about 130 million of them) are far more concerned about their safety than any picturesque viewespecially in the wake of 2011s devastation and continued threats. Consequently, humans must monitor and manage each facet in an integrated manner to ensure that the human relationship to coastal zones remains harmonious. 43, 21352143 (2016). More than 1,000 of these Tetrapods cushions have been sold at shops across Japan since the companys quest began, and happy plushy owners include former Tetrapod engineers and coastal workers looking for a kawaii (read: twee) way to honor their profession. from publication: Potential impact of climate change at five Japanese beaches . A Tetrapod (which, Japanese engineers are quick to remind you, is a proper name, even if it has become a generic catchall) is a four-footed, porous, concrete breakwater barrier used to prevent erosion and water damage by dissipating waves. Thus, one objective of ICZM is to preserve the ecological integrity of coastal zone ecosystems. At the same time, coastal zones are subject to intense use by humans-for transportation activities, resources and energy extraction, industrial uses, and recreation. Analysis of erosion speeds of sand-pebble coasts as determined by comparing of past and present topographic maps shows that coastal erosion has accelerated in the post-war era (Tanaka et al., 1993). Plus, no manmade structure is completely immune from destruction in the wake of a tsunami. 344, 101114 (2013). Creation of a healthy and stable environmental foundation is the goal of ICZM. It consists of a great string of islands in a northeast-southwest arc that stretches for approximately 1,500 miles (2,400 km) through the western North Pacific Ocean. Destructive waves are responsible for erosion on the coastline. This relationship is one of both of dependence, with most of the countrys population living in coastal areas, and fear, as tsunamis and storm surges periodically threaten communities. And with the earthquake that occurred this week in Fukushimaan aftershock of 2011, experts believethis effort seems more pressing than ever. Coastal erosion has been particularly severe since the end of World War II and coincides with Japans rapid industrialization after the war. Balouin, Y., Bourrin, F., Meslard, F., Palvadeau, E. & Robin, N. Assessing the role of storm waves and river discharge on sediment bypassing mechanisms at the Tt river mouth in the Mediterranean (Southeast France). Clim. Japan has very little marshland in comparison to the United States, thus, compared to the U.S., Japan is focusing on creating sand beaches, dry beaches, and seaweed sites. As a seawall is a static feature it will conflict with the dynamic nature of the coast . Model. Remote Sens. environment in Japan fCoastal erosion Reasons: Dam construction Sediment trapping by vegetation Coastal preservation engineering Sediment comes from: fCoastline Protection in Japan from 1962 to 1992 Headland Tetrapod f3.Research Goals & Methodology fCoastal erosion areas Rivers of Japan fResearch Goals Analyze the connection between watershed Santoso, A., Mcphaden, M. J. The analysis predicts erosion of Japan's coastline up to 79% from 2007 to 2100. They can hit anywhere in Japan, but they are most common on the Pacific coast. ICZM Theoretical Framework Download scientific diagram | Location of five beaches in Japan (Sendai, Niigata, Kashiwazaki, Kochi, and Miyazaki). The difference in tides at flood stage on the Pacific coast is approximately 1.5 meters, and approximately 0.2 meters on the Sea of Japan coast. https://nautilus.org/esena/toward-integrated-coastal-management-in-japan/. The problem of coastal erosion. Japan's coasts have already undergone significant erosion due to rapid national development after World War II; future beach erosions would significantly affect areas behind the coasts. Lett. Each of these aspects are intricately linked. Erosion is the wearing away of rock along the coastline. Vos, K., Splinter, K. D., Harley, M. D., Simmons, J. Tsunamis are also a source of severe damage and loss of life in Japan. Soc. A third objective is to prevent excess material damage and loss of life from natural disasters such as high tides, high waves, strong winds, flooding, earthquakes, tsunamis, and coastal erosion. Soc. Ashok, K., Behera, S. K., Rao, S. A., Weng, H. & Yamagata, T. El Nio Modoki and its possible teleconnection. & Turner, I. L. Sub-annual to multi-decadal shoreline variability from publicly available satellite imagery. Coastal erosion is a problem of utmost importance in Japan because coastal erosion compromises the ability of coastal zones to act as front-line defenses against floods, tsunamis, and rough seas, to provide adequate utilization functions, and to maintain the integrity of shallow water ecosystems. By continuing to browse the site, you consent to the use of our cookies. We thank the United States Geological Survey/NASA for providing high-quality open-access data to the scientific community, Google Earth Engine for facilitating the access to the archive of publicly available satellite imagery, NOAA for maintaining updated time series of the major climate indices, ECMWF for the reanalysis ERA5 data and multi-mission altimetry dataset, CNES/LEGOS/CLS/AVISO for producing the global tide model FES2014 and F. Briol for developing the Python wrapper and the OpenStreetMap project and contributors (https://www.openstreetmap.org) for their extensive geospatial database. Geomorphology 333, 6172 (2019). The coast of Okinawa Island has been subject to significant alterations leading to habitat loss (63.2% of the coastline artificially altered) and fragmentation (remaining coastline divided in 239 distinct tracts of mean length = 1.05 km). Copyright 2023 Nautilus Institute. A 60,000 square meter seaweed mound was created to replace a seaweed site that was destroyed by the construction of the Ikata power plant in Ehime Prefecture. There is also historical experience within Japan of coal-mining cities, such as Yubari in Hokkaido and Omuta in Kyushu, that have struggled financially after Japan's energy system moved away from coal in the 1970s and domestic coal mines closed. 71, 83104 (2016). To this end, Japans prowess in technological development can be harness to integrate separate technologies into a coherent mitigation-oriented system of technologies that can enhance the coastal zone environmental foundation. Following this, a basic theoretical framework for an integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) scheme in Japan is introduced. Int. Extreme oceanographic forcing and coastal response due to the 20152016 El Nio. Woollings, T. & Blackburn, M. The North Atlantic jet stream under climate change and its relation to the NAO and EA patterns. Walls of water swept over the coast of northeastern Japan, claiming more than 15,000 lives and destroying hundreds of thousands of buildings, together with 60 percent of seawalls. Castelle, B., Ritz, A., Marieu, V., Nicolae Lerma, A. Approximately 3000 fishing ports and 1000 commercial ports have been built nationwide, as well as 2532 large dams being constructed in the upstream basins of large rivers. and K.D.S. Ward, P. J., Beets, W., Bouwer, L. M., Aerts, J. C. J. H. & Renssen, H. Sensitivity of river discharge to ENSO. Whats more, other companies have caught on, with things like Tetrapod-shaped ice molds now available for purchase. 0000004176 00000 n In particular, dry beaches, seaweed beds, and coral reefs are important elements of coastal ecosystems. Sokolewicz, M., Bergsma, L., Schemmekes, L., Nguyen, H. & Boersen, S. Use of remote sensing techniques and numerical modelling to predict coastal erosion in Vetnam. Nat. Erosion and tidal surges are threatening fishing communities in West Africa. Significant progress has been in the technology required to put ICZM into practice. Basic Survey on the Preservation of the Natural Environment, Sea Region Survey Report, p. 339, p. 203, and p. 20, respectively. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Yeh, S. W. et al. 44, 24162426 (2017). The reason for this concentration of activity on coasts is not difficult to determine for Japan. 14, contains four geospatial layers (.GeoJSON) and a README file. Environment Agency of Japan. 0000003144 00000 n Analysis of the changes in the spatial area of dry beaches, seaweed beds, and coral reefs in Japan in the post-war period shows that the drop in dry beach area in the 1970s is particularly striking. Erosion and Accretion: Erosion and accretion are complementary to each other. Coastal Erosion Countermeasures Taking into Consideration Laying of Eggs by the Red Sea Turtle. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Its not as if, Kato laughs, America doesnt have the know-how or technology to go a more structurally-based route. Data 6, 161 (2019). These structures work to force the water around and through their wonky, unnatural forms, dispersing the crash of the waves instead of simply blocking them. Hansen, J. E. & Barnard, P. L. Sub-weekly to interannual variability of a high-energy shoreline. Such ecosystems exist in generally harsh conditions-conditions of strong winds, high salt concentrations, and wide conditions such as fluctuations in air and water temperature. 13, 2454 (2021). Coastal erosion in Japan. . Required fields are marked *. This relationship is one of both of dependence, with most of the. Coastal regions are intensely dynamic areas, and are of critical important to humans. Stretching along the Sea of Japan, the Ishikawa coast benefits from a number of diverse and contrasting coastal zone ecosystems exhibiting different physiographic, topographic and geomorphologic characteristics. Mimura et al. August 31, 2022 Remote Sensing Coastal Change We use remote-sensing technologiessuch as aerial photography, satellite imagery, structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry, and lidar (laser-based surveying)to measure coastal change along U.S. shorelines. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Coastal Erosion vs. Beach Erosion 12 C. Coastal Hazards 13 D. Ho'olaulima 14 II. Erosion Control Barriers for Dune Protection & Coastal Restoration Both continued erosion and forceful weather systems have contributed to coastal dune damage. 123, 111 (2012). Bryony Nierop-Reading was evicted by the sea. Li, N., Yamazaki, Y., Roeber, V., Cheung, K. F. & Chock, G. Probabilistic mapping of storm-induced coastal inundation for climate change adaptation. A seawall (or sea wall) is a form of coastal defense constructed where the sea, and associated coastal processes, impact directly upon the landforms of the coast.The purpose of a seawall is to protect areas of human habitation, conservation and leisure activities from the action of tides, waves, or tsunamis. Vos, K., Harley, M.D., Turner, I.L. Coast. Geosci. It all comes down to geology. Increasing frequency of extreme El Nio events due to greenhouse warming. Carrere, L., Lyard, F., Cancet, M., Guillot, A. Res. State Authority 15 3. 202, 1827 (2017). The coastlines of the four major islands total about 18,000 km, one-sixth of which is sandy beaches or deltas, the rest being cliffed, with or without narrow beaches or pocket beaches. On the basis of more than 83,000 beach transects covering 8,300 km of sandy coastline, we find that approximately one-third of all transects experience significant erosion during El Nio phases.. To provide protection against coastal erosion, thereby reducing threats to the critical roadway. She is currently serving as a US-Japan Fellow with the International Center for Journalists. In 2011, a team in the Netherlands came up with an innovative solution. And boy, arent they popular. Day and Robert James Nicholls, The Conversation. It then goes on to look at practical models which can be used to predict changes to different types of beaches, and concludes with investigation of beach erosion as a wider structural problem. Eng. Blossier, B., Bryan, K. R., Daly, C. J. As hypothesized, the west coast has been the most impacted by human development. Yet, how sandy coasts respond to these basin-scale changes has to date been limited to a few long-term beach monitoring sites, predominantly on developed coasts. 2342 Shattuck Ave. #300, Berkeley, CA 94704 | Phone: (510) 423-0372 | Email: nautilus@nautilus.org. Sponsored contents planned and edited by JT Media Enterprise Division. (1980, 1984, and 1992). 33-37. Please check your inbox for the reset password link that is only valid for 24 hours. The past long-term shoreline change was found to be related to coastal protection measures according to Japan's national policy (Coast Act). The Japanese know all this too well. Sorry, but your browser needs Javascript to use this site. The total length of Japans coastline is roughly 35,000 kilometers. California has been planning for Highway 1's future for years, and the state's Coastal Commission has been charged with protecting the highway, Ewing said. Do not show me this notice in the future. Shelf Res. These figures clearly underscore just how central coastal zones are to human activity in Japan. Res. Peterson, C. D., Jackson, P. L., ONeil, D. J., Rosenfeld, C. L. & Kimerling, A. J. Littoral cell response to interannual climatic forcing 19831987 on the central Oregon coast, USA. Current status of the coastal environment in Japan. 96, 921938 (2014). et al. Coastal erosion is a major concern in Japan, as it threatens the coastal zone's ability to act as a front line against disasters, as well as the use of that zone. Severe storm surges flooded several communities in 2021, prompting the evacuation of thousands of people. Each classified area is overseen by a different ministry such as the Ministry of Transportation, Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries, or Ministry of Construction. This highlights the inescapable need in Japan to make efficient use of its coastal zones. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature Geoscience (Nat. 19, 931950 (1999). 6, 87110 (1990). By contrast, La Nia events coincide with significant accretion for approximately one-quarter of all transects, although substantial erosion is observed in southeast Australia and other localized regions. The National Parks Act and the Seto Inland Sea Preservation Special Measures Act cover the protection of nature. Increased frequency of extreme La Nia events under greenhouse warming. (1996) set down specific items for evaluation in each of the three objectives, and proposed an integrated evaluation method for judging management schemes relative to them. Threats to India's coastline are set to exacerbate with climate change, causing higher sea levels, unpredictable precipitation and frequent storms. Sci. ISSN 1752-0894 (print). One can only imagine, though, the hackles that would rise if a large percentage of our coasts were suddenly aesthetically shackled with concrete blockades. One of the earli- est extensive beach nourishment projects undertaken in the United States was in Harrison County, Mississippi, in the 1950s. Influence of the state of the Indian Ocean Dipole on the following years El Nio. Ranasinghe, R., McLoughlin, R., Short, A. El Nio in a changing climate. Geosci. Ensuring a steady supply of soil to the mouth of the river by minimizing the extraction of soil from mid- and downstream can be termed environment restoration. 0000002592 00000 n 41, 51395147 (2014). Extreme wave activity during 2013/2014 winter and morphological impacts along the Atlantic coast of Europe. In Japanese Coastal Law, enacted in 1953, two kinds of engineering works that mitigate against coastal disasters are regulated. This coincides with increased landfill in bays. The 6,000-plus islands that make up the Japanese archipelago have a new addition, after scientists said an undersea volcanic eruption 1,200km (745 miles) south of Tokyo had created a new landmass . AAaaaaaaaaaaaagh . Tetrapods, nightmares coming back. There are numerous other examples of restoration of the environment and creation of new environments in Japans coastal zones. In other words, the status of the environmental foundation determines the health and viability of coastal zones. Sand and other sediments must have gathered elsewhere if they have migrated from one side. J. Geophys. How is erosion affecting the recovery of the Fukushima area? This, of course, hasnt stopped some people from lamenting about the jarring nature of the visually bleak coastal additions. Concrete coastal installations can also be lethally dangerous to swimmers and surfers, as well to shipping and recreational boaters. 3. Cuttler, M. V. W. et al. & Qian, C. Why were the 2015/2016 and 1997/1998 extreme El Nios different? Rev. Contrasting Eastern-Pacific and Central-Pacific types of ENSO. Rev. The source code to map satellite-derived shorelines from Landsat imagery (CoastSat) is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2779293. Such significant coastal erosion coupled with land subsidence was observed in Niigata Coast, Central Japan, where the . October 13, 2022. The authors declare no competing interests. Seasonal to decadal scale shoreline changes along the Cameroonian coastline, Bay of Bonny (1986 to 2020). Thus, its population and accompanying activities tend to be located in flat areas, especially along the coast. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); View this online at: https://nautilus.org/esena/toward-integrated-coastal-management-in-japan/, Nautilus Institute Commun. Coastal Erosion in Japan. 44, 18481856 (2017). Laws such as the Harbor Act, Fishing Port Act, and the Public Waterfront Landfill Act were set down separately and cover the development and utilization of Japans coastal zone. Res. J. Clim. The seas around Japan are deep, while those around the Gulf Coast arent as much, Kato says, also noting that Japan loses 1.6 square kilometers of beach a year to erosion. Izumo, T. et al. Lessons learnt show the manner in which excessive coastal development without clearly identified measures for beach protection can have widespread global ramifications. Kato visited New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina to help assess damage. Stat. In addition to the first edition, six new examples of the beach erosion in Japan are included, as is new analysis of the BG model (a model for predicting based on Bagnold's concept), which can be applicable to various field problems. In addition, Japans coastline is prone to erosion. Nat. It is an artificial coastline. Int. Geophys. Variability of sandbar morphometrics over three seasonal cycles on a single-barred beach. And when I ask about the Gulf Coasts current problem with erosion (a complex situation encompassing massive tasks likesediment management), Kato says that, unlike in Japan, the interior of the US seems to be working against the coast as much, if not more, than the ocean. Geography Geoscience Geographic Database Projection of Japanese coastal erosion due to climate change using a geographic database Authors: Nobuhito Mori Kyoto University Sota Nakajo Kumamoto. 150, 160174 (2019). WIRED Media Group To translate the full report, please use the translator in the top right corner of the page. Am. Barnard, P. L. et al. Dune protection is extremely important for the health of the coastal ecosystems, as well as for property protection. Nat. Japan, on the other hand, has what Fuminori Kato of the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management describes as steep coasts, where mountains run directly into the sea and tectonic plates meet nearby. As a result, many people are fleeing . Coastal Erosion Conferences in Japan 2022 2023 2024 is for the researchers, scientists, scholars, engineers, academic, scientific and university practitioners to present research activities that might want to attend events, meetings, seminars, congresses, workshops, summit, and symposiums. 3, pp. - Sanriku coast, Japan. Its objective was the prevention of disasters. River Bureau of the Construction Agency. Pacific Northwest notwithstanding, the majority of the United States coastline doesnt run along any major faults. Volume 43, Chapter 1: What is Beach Erosion? Change 5, 132137 (2015). The land area is just about the same, but the ratio of the population density in the drainage basin is 60:1 in Tokyo Bays favor. The erosion problem also threatens the integrity of shallow water ecosystems. K.V., M.H.D., I.L.T. Coastal zone management must be sensitive to the nuances of the ecological variables of coastal ecosystems. Mar. Softw 122, 104528 (2019). coastal erosion in japan coastal erosion in japan coastal erosion in japan has not start now but start from 30 to 40 years ago when seas development and gulf DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions McMaster University York University University of Ottawa Geosci. Choi, K. Y., Vecchi, G. A. Cai, W. et al. Theuerkauf, E. J., Rodriguez, A. It was the largest in Japan's history, and created a massive tsunami that impacted Japan's northeastern coast. Remote Sens. 31, 10741087 (2011). The landscape here has the underpinnings of recovery but still feels largely decimated: housing foundations lay bare while weeds and wildflowers grow chest-high. 10, 205 (2019). 12, 450455 (2019). Conclusion Thats what can mean the difference between life and death.. Rep. 8, 12876 (2018). Google Earth Engine: planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. and K.D.S. Australian sea levelstrends, regional variability and influencing factors. 0xUdpCa0!@ZZFGRg`9X]_**03V5wHR e>q WM3>{`{g Coastal erosion is a natural process which occurs whenever the transport of material away from the shoreline is not balanced by new material being deposited onto the shoreline. 70 0 obj <> endobj xref 70 22 0000000016 00000 n Living . Lawson, S. K. et al. The founder and mastermind behind the company Maniapparelwho asked that his name and likeness not revealed due to a strict day jobhas made it his off-the-clock mission to make the Tetrapod feel accessible to the masses. Its area is 377,600 square miles (978,000 square km). Southern California coastal response to the 20152016 El Nio. In Japan, this technique can be found in some locations, but the severity and frequency of natural disaster means that it simply cant provide enough support to be used as a primary means of protection. 43, pp. Lett. Geomorphology https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107707 (2021). Paek, H., Yu, J. Y. Pardo-Pascual, J. E., Almonacid-Caballer, J., Ruiz, L. A. & Vandenhove, M. Primary drivers of multidecadal spatial and temporal patterns of shoreline change derived from optical satellite imagery. On the Creation of Substitute Seaweed Sites and the Adherence Conditions of Seaweeds in the Number 3 Reactor at the Ikata Atomic Energy Plant, Inland Sea Science, Vol. The combined effects of elevated wave energy, water levels and directional shifts common during El Nio events have historically resulted in severe coastal erosion along the North American west . Nat. Artificial reefs were built at Narrowneck in 1999 and Palm Beach in 2019. Oceans 112, 7 (2007). Coast. J. Geophys. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047707 (2011). 3, 168172 (2010). A wide variety of structures have been built in Japan with the express purpose of preserving coastal areas against the above-discussed problems of typhoon-flooding, tsunamis, and slow coastal erosion. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Russell, P. E. Mechanisms for beach erosion during storms. Cai, W. et al. 0000008744 00000 n One group mitigates against storm surges and the other against beach erosion. Understanding ENSO diversity. Federal Authority 15 2. 2. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Res. J. Raw data to reproduce Figs. 0000006558 00000 n Wang, G. et al. 11, 946958 (1995). Published on March 2017 | Categories: Documents | Downloads: 15 | Comments: 0 | Views: 125 The eroding velocity of the rocky coast with its large compressive strength is extremely small compared with that of the sandy beach.

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