Further, in 1449, Mongolian cavalry ambushed a land expedition personally led by the Zhengtong Emperor at Tumu Fortress, less than a day's march from the walls of the capital. Following Zheng He's arrival, the sultan and the sultana of Malacca visited China at the head of over 540 of their subjects, bearing ample tribute. Initially Kunming Changshui International Airport was to be named Zheng He International Airport. [31] Zhu Di accepted the elevation to emperor four days later. He revisited the Arabian Peninsula and the east coast of Africa. Zheng He was born Ma He (馬和) to a Muslim family of Kunyang, Kunming, Yunnan, during the Ming dynasty of China. Ibn Battuta. Next month, archaeologists will begin work off … What is he best known for? Google Classroom Facebook Twitter. In 1431 Zheng sailed on his seventh and final voyage. Zheng He visited over 30 countries, and is believed to have died in 1433 on the journey home during the final treasure fleet voyage. He again visited Southeast Asia, the coast of India, the Arabian Peninsula, and the east coast of Africa. According to most stories, Zheng He died in 1433 in the middle of his seventh voyage to the Indian Ocean. A tomb was built for Zheng He at the southern slope of Cattle Head Hill, Nanjing. "[b] Ma received a proper education at Beiping, which he would not have had if he had been placed in the imperial capital, Nanjing, as the Hongwu Emperor did not trust eunuchs and believed that it was better to keep them illiterate. Click here for a larger version. Zheng He, a court eunuch, would not have had the privilege in rank to command the largest of the ships, seaworthy or not. After Zheng He died at sea in 1433, his treasure fleet quickly faded, even though his voyages had been a success. Zheng He was born in 1371 of the Hui ethnic group and the Muslim faith in modern-day Yunnan Province, one of the last possessions of the Mongols of the Yuan Dynasty before being conquered by the Ming Dynasty.He served as a close confidant of the Yongle Emperor of China (reigned 1403– 1424), the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.According to his biograhy in the History of Ming, he … Zheng He, like many great explorers before and since, died in the middle of an expedition, his seventh voyage. Another suggestion is that he managed to return to China, and died some years later. Zheng He did command the third voyage (1409-1411) with 48 large ships and 30,000 troops, visiting many of the same places as on the first voyage but also traveling to Malacca on the Malay peninsula and Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Not until 1457 and the restoration of the former emperor would political stability return. Ma He's father and grandfather were both known as "Hajji," the honorific title bestowed upon Muslim men who make the "hajj," or pilgrimage, to Mecca. Activity: An Age of Adventure. Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta both described multi-masted ships carrying 500 to 1,000 passengers in their translated accounts. Earlier, an official[e] petitioned the emperor to reward workmen who had built temples in Nanjing. In the People's Republic of China, 11 July is Maritime Day (中国航海日, Zhōngguó Hánghǎi Rì) and is devoted to the memory of Zheng He's first voyage. Zheng He died in 1433, either in Calicut, where he decided to stay during his 7th voyage due to failing health, or on the return journey to China. After 3 hours in the hospital, he died at 3:43am. Zheng He (1371–1433 or 1435) was a Chinese admiral and explorer who led several voyages around the Indian Ocean. Zheng He generally sought to attain his goals through diplomacy, and his large army awed most would-be enemies into submission. The original tomb was a horseshoe-shaped grave. Question: How did Zheng He's voyages benefit China? One theory is that Admiral Zheng He died in 1433, during or shortly after the seventh voyage. Unnamed official who served as a Department Director under the Ministry of Works, who had departed for Nanjing to supervise the renovation of government buildings and to reward the skilled workers. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. [94] Although the Ming dynasty prohibited shipping with the Haijin edict, it was a policy of the Hongwu Emperor that long preceded Zheng He and the ban, so obviously disregarded by the Yongle Emperor, was eventually lifted entirely. He again visited Southeast Asia, the coast of India, the Arabian Peninsula, and the east coast of Africa. He died in Calicut in 1433. [26], — Admiral Zheng He and his associates (Changle inscription) about witnessing Tianfei's divine lantern, which represented the natural phenomena Saint Elmo's fire[27], Zheng He's appearance as an adult was recorded: he was seven chi[c] tall, had a waist that was five chi in circumference, cheeks and a forehead that was high, a small nose, glaring eyes, teeth that were white and well-shaped as shells, and a voice that was as loud as a bell. His tomb was erected in Nanjing, China, where it stands today. The Yongle Emperor appointed him to head the massive fleet of 317 junks crewed by over 27,000 men that set out from Nanjing in the fall of 1405. Answer to: When did Zheng He die? China: The First Great Divergence. [28], The young eunuch eventually became a trusted adviser to the prince and assisted him when the Jianwen Emperor's hostility to his uncle's feudal bases prompted the 1399–1402 Jingnan Campaign, which ended with the emperor's apparent death and the ascension of Zhu Di, Prince of Yan, as the Yongle Emperor. [89], Among the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia, Zheng He became a figure of folk veneration. The longer a dynasty lasted, the more top heavy and dysfunctional the leadership became (Diamond 412). Traditional and popular accounts of Zheng He's voyages have described a great fleet of gigantic ships far larger than any other wooden ships in history. The expeditions featured prominently in Heather Terrell's 2005 novel The Map Thief. In the new administration, Zheng He served in the highest posts as Grand Director and later as Chief Envoy (正使; zhèngshǐ) during his sea voyages. He even had the written journals of Zheng He destroyed to emphasize his policy , and China soon fell back into isolation. ( … The China National Space Administration has named its proposed sample-return spacecraft ZhengHe. Nevertheless, the Xuande Emperor would eventually come to trust Zheng He. Zheng He wax statue in the Quanzhou Maritime Museum, "Ma Sanbao" redirects here. The first ships to attain 126 m (413.4 ft) long were 19th century steamers with iron hulls. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Timeline: Zheng He and the Treasure Fleet, Biography of Zhu Di, China's Yongle Emperor. 1371 in Yunnan Province, China. He excelled at fighting and military tactics, studied the works of Confucius and Mencius, and soon became one of the prince's closest confidants. In Australia's case, Menzies claims Zheng's vice-admirals, Hong Bao and Zhou Man, beat Cook by almost 350 years. Zheng He was born in 1371 in the city now called Jinning in Yunnan Province. 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